Is acetonitrile liquid basic or acidic?
Acetonitrile is essentially neutral in aqueous solutions. It is a very weak base and can only be protonated by extremely strong acids, such as sulfuric acid or superacids, to form salts such as [CH₃CNH]⁺. In typical chemical or chromatographic applications (pH 1–14), it does not exhibit acidic or basic behaviour that affects pH. Its 'aprotic' nature means that it cannot form hydrogen bonds, which are a key feature of its solvent properties.
What are the properties of acetonitrile?
| CAS No.: | 75-05-8 |
|---|---|
| EC No.: | 200-835-2 |
| Linear Formula: | CH₃CN |
| Molecular Weight: | 41.05 |
| Appearance: | Transparent Liquid |
| Odor: | Sweet, ether-like odor. |
| Melting point: | 45 °C (lit.) |
| Boiling point: | 81-82 °C (lit.) |
| Density: | 0.786 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| Solubility: | Miscible with water and many organic solvents (e.g., acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, ethyl ether). |
| Flash point: | 48 °F |
| Nature: | Flammable liquid and vapor, toxic. |
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