What is the common name for propanoic acid?
The common, widely used name for propanoic acid is propionic acid. The term "propionic" comes from the Greek words prōtos (first) and piōn (fat), as it was one of the smallest fatty acids known to form soaps (salts). In most commercial, industrial, and food contexts, it is referred to as propionic acid. Its IUPAC name, propanoic acid, is more prevalent in formal scientific literature and education to align with systematic naming conventions.
Propanoic Acid Chemical Properties
- Molecular Formula: C₃H₆O₂
- Molecular Weight: 74.08 g/mol
- Density: 0.993 g/cm³ (at 20°C)
- Boiling Point: 141°C
- Melting Point: -20.7°C
- Appearance: Oily, clear, and colorless liquid
- Refractive Index: 1.387 (at 20°C)
Propanoic acid is known for its volatility and strong odor, making it easy to detect even at low concentrations. It also exhibits typical carboxylic acid behavior, participating in reactions like esterification and hydrogenation.
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