What Is N-Propanol?
N-Propanol, also known as 1-propanol, n-propyl alcohol or NPA, is a straight-chain primary alcohol with the structural formula CH3CH2CH2OH and the molecular formula C3H8O. Its CAS number is 71-23-8 and its molecular weight is 60.10. At room temperature n-propanol is a clear, colorless liquid with a strong, musty odor similar to rubbing alcohol. It is miscible with water, ethanol and diethyl ether.
N-Propanol should not be confused with isopropanol, also called 2-propanol or IPA, which is a branched isomer with a different structure and slightly different properties.
Solvent and Chemical Intermediate Uses
N-Propanol is a versatile polar solvent used in coatings, printing inks, flexographic printing and cosmetics. It dissolves many resins, dyes and polymers that are insoluble in water.
As a chemical intermediate, n-propanol is converted into propyl halides, propyl amines and propyl acetate. These derivatives are used in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, solvents and coating formulations. Propyl acetate, for example, is an ester solvent used in printing inks and coatings.
Healthcare, Personal Care, Fuel and Technical Uses
N-Propanol has antiseptic properties and is used in hand sanitizers, both as solutions and as wipes, often in combination with isopropanol. It is also present in some topical antiseptic products and in rubbing alcohol formulations.
In cosmetics and personal care, n-propanol functions as a solvent and viscosity modifier in lotions, creams, hair care products and perfumes. It evaporates quickly and leaves little residue, which makes it convenient in fragrance manufacturing.
N-Propanol can be blended as an oxygenate in fuels because it has a high octane number and burns with a clean flame. It is also used as a fuel additive and in laboratory applications as a solvent and reagent. In addition, n-propanol finds use in the production of esters, glycol ethers and other derivatives for industrial markets.
Safety and Handling
N-Propanol is a highly flammable liquid whose vapors can form explosive mixtures with air at ambient temperature. It should be stored in closed containers away from ignition sources, with bonding and grounding during transfer. Exposure by inhalation can cause irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, and the liquid is irritating to skin. Protective gloves, goggles and good ventilation are recommended. N-Propanol is classified as a dangerous good for transport and must be shipped with proper documentation.
Quality Grades and Buying Considerations
N-Propanol is supplied in industrial grade with a typical purity of 99 percent or higher. Buyers should verify the certificate of analysis for assay, water content, acidity and color before use. Bulk packaging commonly includes drums, IBC totes and ISO tanks. Confirm the grade with the supplier when the product is intended for pharmaceutical, cosmetic or food-contact applications.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the CAS number of n-propanol? The CAS number of n-propanol, also called 1-propanol, is 71-23-8.
Is n-propanol the same as isopropanol? No. N-Propanol is the straight-chain alcohol CH3CH2CH2OH, while isopropanol is the branched isomer CH3CHOHCH3 with CAS number 67-63-0.
What is n-propanol used for in hand sanitizers? N-Propanol is used as an antiseptic ingredient in hand sanitizer solutions and wipes because it inactivates many bacteria and viruses on the skin.
Is n-propanol flammable? Yes, n-propanol is a highly flammable liquid and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.
Can n-propanol dissolve in water? Yes, n-propanol is fully miscible with water as well as with ethanol and diethyl ether.
What is the molecular formula of n-propanol? The molecular formula of n-propanol is C3H8O.