CAS 75-05-8 Acetonitrile is a nitrile which is a hydrogen cyanide where the hydrogen (H) is replaced by a methyl group (-CH3).
CAS No.: 75-05-8
EC No.: 200-835-2
| Product name | Appearance | Assay, %, no less than | Mass fraction of water (Max.), % | Specification |
| Acetonitrile technical | Clear colourless liquid | 98.8 | 0,2 | Technical grade |
| Acetonitrile (99.3%) | Clear colourless liquid | 99.3 | 0,1 | Pharma grade |
| Acetonitrile (99.9%) | Clear colourless liquid | 99.9 | 0,05 | Pure grade |
CAS 75-05-8 Acetonitrile - Formula
Chemical Formula: CH₃CN or C₂H₃N
Acetonitrile is an aliphatic nitrile and a volatile organic compound. Acetonitrile is less dense than water and its vapour is dense than air (Vapor pressure = 9.71 kPa). The structural formula of Acetonitrile is as shown below in the diagram.
CAS 75-05-8 Acetonitrile - Structure
CAS 75-05-8 Acetonitrile - Properties
Physical Properties
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid with a faint ether-like odor
Boiling Point: 81.6–82.1 °C
Melting Point: -45.7 °C
Density: 0.786 g/mL (20 °C)
Flash Point: 2 °C (closed cup); 6 °C (open cup)
Solubility: Fully miscible with water, methanol, ethanol, and most organic solvents
UV Cutoff: ~190 nm (high transparency in far-UV region)
Viscosity: Low (lower than methanol-water mixtures, ideal for HPLC)
Volatility: Highly volatile (easy to evaporate, suitable for solvent removal processes)
Chemical Properties
Nature: Polar aprotic solvent (dielectric constant: 37.5 at 20 °C)
Key Reactions: Undergoes hydrolysis (acid/base-catalyzed), reduction, and addition reactions
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions; avoids strong oxidizers, acids, and bases
Toxicity: Metabolizes to hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the body (handle with proper protection)
CAS 75-05-8 Acetonitrile - Uses
1. Solvent: Acetonitrile is widely used as a solvent in chemical syntheses, extractions, and purifications. It is particularly useful for dissolving polar compounds and has a high solvent power for many organic compounds.
2. Chromatography: ACN is often used as an eluent (mobile phase) in chromatography, a technique used to separate and purify mixtures of chemicals. It is particularly useful in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC).
3. Reagent: Acetonitrile / methyl cyanide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and plastics.
4. Analytical chemistry: It is used in a variety of analytical chemistry techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS).
5. Cleaning: CAS 75-05-8 Acetonitrile can be used to clean and degrease surfaces and equipment in a variety of industrial settings.
6. Pesticide production: It is used in the production of certain pesticides.
7. Extracting oil: Acetonitrile solvent is used in the extraction of oil from shale and other sources.
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