Formamide (CAS 75-12-7) and Formaldehyde (CAS 50-00-0) are distinct chemical compounds with different structures, properties, and applications. The two substances need to be differentiated at the time of procurement to avoid confusion.When purchasing, it is important to distinguish between the two substances to avoid confusion, so the following article explains how to separate them.
What is Formamide(CAS 75-12-7)?
Formamide is the simplest aliphatic amide having the chemical formula CH3NO. This is an amide that forms from formic acid. This compound exists as a clear and oily liquid that is miscible with water. Moreover, it has an ammonia-like odour. Its molar mass is 45 g/mol. The melting point is very low (2 to 3 °C), but the boiling point is high (210 °C).
Formamide liquid is used as a solvent in the production of polymers (e.g. PVC plasticizers), in electronic cleaning and textile processing, and also in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and herbicides.
What is Formaldehyde?
Formaldehyde is the simplest aldehyde. Its chemical formula is CH2O, and IUPAC name is Methanal. Moreover, the molar mass of formaldehyde is 30 g/mol. Also, at the room temperature and pressure, formaldehyde is a colourless gas. Besides, it has a pungent, irritating odour.
It is used in the production of resins, adhesives and plastics, and is also used in the production of pesticides, dyes, paints, and more.
| Property | Formamide | Formaldehyde |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Colorless liquid at room temperature | Colorless gas (usually used as 37% aqueous solution, "formalin") |
| Boiling Point | 210°C | -19°C (gas at room temperature); aqueous solutions boil ~100°C |
| Melting Point | 2.55°C | -92°C |
| Solubility | Miscible with water, ethanol, etc. | Soluble in water, ethanol, ether |
| Volatility | Low volatility (high boiling point) | Highly volatile (strong pungent odor) |
| Toxicity | Moderate toxicity (skin/eye irritant; harmful if ingested/inhaled) | Highly toxic; carcinogenic; causes severe irritation, respiratory damage, and cancer risk |
Key Distinctions at a Glance
- Structure: Amide vs. aldehyde functional group leads to different chemical behaviors.
- Physical State: Liquid vs. gas (at room temperature), impacting handling and storage.
- Toxicity: Formaldehyde is far more hazardous, with established carcinogenicity, while formamide poses lower acute risk but still requires caution.
- Applications: Formamide serves as a versatile solvent and reaction intermediate, while formaldehyde is key in polymer and resin synthesis or as a preservative.
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