Ethylene glycol, known as 1,2-Ethanediol (EG), Mono Ethylene Glycol(MEG), belonging to a group of compounds called glycols, it is a popular refrigerants ingredient due to its excellent heat transfer properties. Glycols are used in a wide variety of heating and cooling applications such as HVAC systems, plastic mould making, food and pharmaceutical processes. Due to the widespread use of ethylene glycol in many areas, it is worth getting to know this compound and its properties better.
Physicochemical properties
Chemical Identity:
Chemical Name: Mono ethylene glycol
Abbreviation: MEG
CAS Number: 107-21-1
Chemical Formula: C2H602
Grade Standard: Industrial grade
Physical Properties:
Physical State: Colorless, odorless, slightly viscous liquid
Solubility: Soluble in water
Stability: Hygroscopic under normal temperatures and pressures: Low volatility
Ethylene glycol – production
Ethylene oxide reacts with CO2 to form ethylene carbonate, which is then hydrolysed to ethylene glycol. Both reactions are carried out in the liquid phase using homogeneous acid catalysts. The CO2 stream from the earlier reaction steps is recycled to the ethylene carbonate reactor. The ethylene glycol is then purified in two distillation columns in which water is removed from the product. The catalyst is separated and returned to the closed-loop reactors.
Ethylene glycol – application
Polymer Precursor:
There is strong global demand for mono ethylene glycol in the plastic industry as it is a vital ingredient in the production of polyester fibers, films, and resins, one of which is polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET is created by heating EG with terephthalic acid in an esterification reaction. This chemical is then converted into plastic bottles, microwaveable containers and is even used in the textile industry. It is estimated that 70 - 80% of all the MEG consumed is used as a chemical intermediate in these polyester production processes.
Antifreeze:
A primary industry use of mono ethylene glycol is in antifreeze applications where it is a component in the manufacture of antifreeze, coolants, aircraft anti - icers and deicers due to its ability to depress the freezing temperature of the water. While pure ethylene glycol freezes at - 12.9 °C, when mixed with water this can greatly reduce to around - 45 °C with 60% ethylene glycol and 40% water.
Textiles:
End uses for MEG contain clothing and other textiles. Polyester and fleece fabrics, upholstery, carpets and pillows originate from ethylene glycol.
Electronic Industry:
Uses of MEG include the manufacture of capacitors, as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of 1,4 - dioxane, as an additive to prevent corrosion in liquid cooling systems for personal computers, and inside the lens devices of cathode - ray tube type of rear projection televisions.
Other Industry Uses:
Mono ethylene glycol is also used in the manufacture of alkyd resins which are used to form a film in paints, enamels, and varnishes. In the gas industry, It is used to remove water vapor from the gas before it is processed further as well as a desiccant in gas pipelines to stop the formation of clathrates.
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