The solubility of dimethylacetamide (DMAc, CAS 127-19-5) is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents. DMAC is completely miscible (soluble in all proportions) with water, alcohols, ethers, esters, aromatics, ketones, and chloroform.
CAS 127-19-5 N,N-Dimethylacetamide is a highly polar, colorless liquid, it serves as a powerful solvent for many organic compounds and polymers, although it has poor solubility in aliphatic hydrocarbons. Dimethylacetamide DMAc is widely used polar aprotic solvent in chemical synthesis and polymer processing.
DMAc Solubility Table
| Solvent class | Miscibility with DMAc |
|---|---|
| Water | Completely miscible |
| Alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers | Miscible |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons, chloroform | Miscible |
| Aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. hexane) | Poor |
| Chemical name | Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) |
|---|---|
| CAS number | 127-19-5 |
| Molecular formula / weight | C₄H₉NO / 87.12 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Boiling point / melting point | About 165 °C / −20 °C |
| Density | About 0.94 g/cm³ |
| Dielectric constant | About 38 |
| Solvent type | Polar aprotic solvent |
Why DMAc Has High Solubility
DMAc has the molecular structure CH₃CON(CH₃)₂, which contains:
- a carbonyl group (C=O)
- a dimethylamine group
- These functional groups create a strong dipole moment, allowing DMAc to interact with many molecules through dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
Methyl substitutions improve organic solubility and lower reactivity, stabilizing polymer solutions.It is also fully miscible with water, making it versatile for both aqueous and organic systems.
As a result, DMAc shows excellent solvating power for:
- organic compounds
- polymers
- pharmaceutical intermediates
What Can DMAc Dissolve? Polymers, Salts and Organics
| Substance | Solubility in DMAc | Typical application |
|---|---|---|
| Polyimides (and polyamic acid precursors) | Good | Films, coatings, wire enamels |
| Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) | Good | Acrylic fiber spinning |
| Polyurethane / spandex | Good | Elastic fiber spinning, coatings |
| PVDF, polysulfone, polyethersulfone | Good | Membranes made by phase inversion |
| Cellulose and aramids (with LiCl) | Good with added lithium chloride | Cellulose analysis, aramid processing |
| Pharmaceutical intermediates | Good for many compounds | Reaction and crystallization solvent |
In wet spinning and membrane casting, water is used as the non-solvent: because DMAc mixes fully with water, it is easily washed out to form the fiber or membrane structure.
DMAc vs DMF, NMP and DMSO
| Solvent | Boiling point | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| DMAc | ~165 °C | More resistant to hydrolysis than DMF; widely used in fiber and film processing |
| DMF | ~153 °C | Very common; lower boiling point |
| NMP | ~202 °C | Higher boiling point; strong solvent for polymers |
| DMSO | 189 °C | Highest polarity; solidifies at about 18.5 °C - see industrial-grade DMSO |
Handling, Storage and Regulatory Notes for DMAc
- Moisture: DMAc absorbs water from the air; keep containers tightly closed and use a low-water grade for moisture-sensitive processes.
- Stability: DMAc is stable under normal conditions but can slowly hydrolyze to acetic acid and dimethylamine under strong acid or base at elevated temperature. Avoid strong oxidizers.
- Fire properties: See the flash point of DMAc.
- Health and regulation: DMAc is classified as a reproductive toxicant (H360D) and is subject to workplace-exposure and other regulatory requirements in some regions, including the EU. Buyers should check the SDS and current local regulations.
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FAQ
Q: Is DMAc soluble in water?
A: Yes. Dimethylacetamide (CAS 127-19-5) is completely miscible with water in all proportions.
Q: Is DMAc soluble in hexane?
A: Poorly. DMAc is miscible with most organic solvents but has limited solubility in aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Q: What polymers does DMAc dissolve?
A: It is commonly used for polyimides, polyacrylonitrile, polyurethanes, PVDF and polysulfone/polyethersulfone in fiber, film and membrane processing.
Q: Can DMAc dissolve cellulose?
A: Only with added lithium chloride. The DMAc/LiCl system is used for cellulose and aramid processing and analysis.
Q: Is DMAc the same as DMF?
A: No. Both are polar aprotic amide solvents, but DMAc (CAS 127-19-5) has a higher boiling point than DMF and is more resistant to hydrolysis.
Q: Is DMAc miscible with toluene?
A: Yes. DMAc is miscible with aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene.
Related reading: Flash point of DMAc · Molecular formula of DMAc · Structure of DMAc
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