With its excellent solvency power, low viscosity, and high chemical stability, Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) is essential for HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography), organic synthesis, and electrochemical applications.
At Gneebio, we specialize in providing high-purity solvents to support industrial and scientific applications. One of our key offerings is Acetonitrile-a polar aprotic solvent widely used in pharmaceutical synthesis, analytical laboratories, and chemical manufacturing.
Basic Information of Acetonitrile Solvent
High-purity acetonitrile (often referred to as ACN) is the simplest organic nitrile, with a molar mass of 41.05 g/mol and an EC number of 200-835-2. Its Hill formula is C₂H₃N, and it is commonly known by synonyms such as methyl cyanide, cyanomethane, and ethyl nitrile. As a highly versatile organic solvent, ACN solvent has exceptional solubility in both organic and inorganic compounds, making it ideal for laboratory and industrial processes.
- CAS No.: 75-05-8
- EC No.: 200-835-2
- Chemical Formula: CH₃CN
- Molecular Weight: 41.05
- Appearance: Transparent Liquid
- Odor: Sweet, ether-like odor.
Properties
High-purity acetonitrile is widely used because of its stable and versatile properties. Its properties are as follows:
- Appearance: A colorless, clear liquid at room temperature with a slight sweet, ether-like smell.
- Boiling Point and Melting Point: boiling point:81.6°C and melting point: -45.7°C, making it easy to use and evaporate in many processes.
- Density and Viscosity: Low density (0.78 g/cm³) and low viscosity, allowing it to flow easily and dissolve substances efficiently.
- Solubility: Mixes completely with water and most organic solvents, and can dissolve many salts and polymers.
- Flammability: Acetonitrile is highly flammable, and with a low flash point (2°C). Its vapors can form explosive mixtures in air.
- Stability: Chemically stable under normal conditions, but may break down at high temperatures or with strong chemicals, producing toxic gases.
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Industrial and Chemical Applications of Acetonitrile
1. Laboratory and Analytical Use
Acetonitrile chemical is commonly used in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) as a mobile phase solvent due to its high purity and low residue. ACN solvent helps achieve accurate testing in pharmaceuticals, food safety, and environmental analysis. It is also used in gas chromatography (GC) and for sample preparation.
2. Pharmaceutical Use
In the pharmaceutical field, acetonitrile solvent is used for drug synthesis and purification, such as making intermediates, vitamins, and steroid drugs. It is also important in biotech processes like DNA/RNA and peptide synthesis.
3. Industrial use
Industrial acetonitrile works as a solvent and reaction medium in producing coatings, dyes, plastics, rubber, and fibers. It improves reaction efficiency and is also used to make pesticides and other organic chemicals.
4. Petroleum and Oil Processing
ACN solvent is used to remove impurities from petroleum products and to extract fatty acids from oils.
5. Other Uses
It is applied in textile dyeing, battery electrolytes, and carbon capture systems. It is also used in non-aqueous titration and for cleaning laboratory equipment like NMR tubes.
Acetonitrile CAS 75-05-8: Safety information
Safety Hazards:
- Flammability: High-purity acetonitrile chemical is a highly flammable liquid and vapor with a low flash point; its vapor can diffuse to nearby ignition sources and cause backfire, posing a fire risk.
- Toxicity: Harmful if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. After absorption, acetonitrile (ACN) can be metabolized in the body to cyanide, causing symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, and difficulty breathing.
- Eye Contact: Direct contact with eyes can cause severe eye irritation.
- Skin Contact: Harmful upon skin contact; prolonged or repeated contact may cause dermatitis, resulting in skin redness, itching, or other irritation.
Handling and Storage of Acetonitrile chemical:
Handling:
- Use acetonitrile only in well-ventilated areas.
- Wear appropriate personal protective equipment: protective gloves, goggles, and protective clothing.
- Avoid static electricity during handling.
Storage:
- Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place with the container tightly closed.
- Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flames.
- Store separately from incompatible substances, including oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases.
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