What Is Acetonitrile?
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) is a colorless, volatile, polar aprotic solvent. It is widely used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and chromatography due to its low viscosity and high elution strength. It is one of the most important solvents in chemical industries.
Commonly used in:
- pharmaceutical production
- HPLC solvent
- agrochemical production
- battery electrolytes
Acetonitrile Basic Information
| Synonyms | Methyl Cyanide, Cyanomethane |
| CAS Number | 75-05-8 |
| Molecular Formula | C₂H₃N |
| Molecular Weight | 41.05 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Mild ether-like odor |
What are the properties of acetonitrile?
What Is the Boiling Point of Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)?
It is a colourless, volatile liquid with a stable boiling range of 81–82 °C, commonly 81.6 °C at 101.3 kPa. Its relatively high boiling point is due to its polarity and dipole‑dipole interactions.
What Is the Density of Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8)?
Acetonitrile has a lower density than water, and its density decreases with increasing temperature:
- 5°C:~ 0.823 g/mL
- 15°C:~ 0.812 g/mL
- 20°C:~ 0.807 g/mL
- 35°C:~ 0.790 g/mL
What Is the Solubility of Acetonitrile CAS 75-05-8?
Acetonitrile (ACN) is completely miscible with water and soluble in most organic solvents, including alcohols, ethers, acetone, esters, benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. It is immiscible with many saturated hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether.
What Is the Chemical Formula of Acetonitrile CAS 75-05-8?
C₂H₃N :
- 2 carbon atoms (C)
- 3 hydrogen atoms (H)
- 1 nitrogen atom (N)
What is Acetonitrile Used For?
Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) is a versatile polar non-protonic solvent and critical chemical intermediate widely used in pharmaceuticals, chemical engineering, pesticides, petrochemicals, industrial manufacturing, and analytical laboratories.
It serves as a key raw material and intermediate for synthesizing ortho-acetates, pyrimidine derivatives (used in sulfonylurea herbicides), methyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, cyclopropanecarboxylate esters, ethylamine, acetic acid, and triazine fertilizer synergists. It is also used in the production of vitamin B1, pharmaceuticals, flavor intermediates, nitrile rubber monomers, and lithium battery electrolytes.
In industrial applications, acetonitrile serves as a solvent for butadiene and C4 fraction extraction, synthetic fiber spinning, specialty coatings, textile dyeing, and the removal of tar and phenolic compounds from petroleum hydrocarbons. It also facilitates fatty acid extraction from animal and vegetable oils, serves as a recrystallization medium for steroid pharmaceuticals, stabilizes chlorinated solvents, and denatures ethanol.
In analytical chemistry, it functions as a high-purity solvent for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC) (both as solvent and stationary phase), spectrophotometric analysis, non-aqueous titration, and chromatographic standards. Its azeotropic mixture with water (84% acetonitrile, boiling point 76°C) is employed as a high-dielectric-constant polar solvent.
What is HPLC grade acetonitrile?
HPLC-grade acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) is a high-purity solvent with low moisture content, minimal UV impurities, and negligible non-volatile residues. It ensures accurate chromatographic analysis for laboratory use with stringent quality requirements.
HPLC grade acetonitrile Features
- Highly soluble, high purity, and low viscosity ensure efficient separation.
- Chemically inert to minimize interference and enhance result reproducibility.
- Low boiling point enables rapid evaporation, shortening analysis time.
Is acetonitrile a safe solvent?
It is not considered a safe solvent. Acetonitrile (CAS 75-05-8) is a Class 3 flammable liquid with a low flash point of 2°C, presenting a significant fire hazard. It is toxic and potentially fatal, requiring strict safe handling.
Safety Precautions
Personal Protective Equipment
- Gloves: Use chemical-resistant gloves. Nitrile rubber is not recommended.
- Eyes: Wear chemical-resistant goggles or a face shield.
- Body: Wear a lab coat; add an apron if necessary.
Handling Precautions
- Highly flammable: Keep away from heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Smoking is strictly prohibited.
- Ground containers; use antistatic tools to prevent static discharge.
- Wash hands after use; no eating, drinking, or smoking in work area.
Storage
- Store in a cool, dry, ventilated flammable cabinet with containers tightly closed.
- Keep away from oxidizers, acids, and alkalis.
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Gneebio Product Packaging
| Packaging Type | Net Weight |
|---|---|
| Steel Drum | 160 kg |
| ISO Tank | 20–22 MT |
| IBC Tank | 800–1000 kg |
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